home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- <text id=90TT1780>
- <title>
- July 09, 1990: Compromised By A Gigantic Lie
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- July 09, 1990 Abortion's Most Wrenching Questions
- The Reunification of Germany
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- GERMANY, Page 75
- Compromised by a Gigantic Lie
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>When a hesitant East Germany decides the fate of its former
- rulers, who should do the judging?
- </p>
- <p> After the communist regime headed by Erich Honecker
- collapsed late last year, East Germans were appalled by what
- they discovered about the lavishly bourgeois life-style that
- the ousted party boss and his cronies had enjoyed at their
- well-guarded compound in the Berlin suburb of Wandlitz.
- Nonetheless, the new leaders in East Berlin have been slow to
- take legal steps against their predecessors, mainly because
- they have yet to resolve two difficult but related ethical
- issues: Who should be judged? Who should do the judging?
- </p>
- <p> Both questions arise from the fact that virtually everyone
- in East Germany cooperated with, or was compromised by, the
- enforcing agencies of a totalitarian state. Some 2.3 million
- people--effectively, the elite--were members of the
- Socialist Unity Party, the communists. Then there were the
- 85,000 full-time employees of the Ministry for State Security
- (Stasi), as well as its 109,000 still mostly anonymous
- informers. Finally, thousands of journalists, judges, mayors and
- policemen gave at least lip service to what they knew to be
- a gigantic lie.
- </p>
- <p> "We cannot decommunize a whole society overnight," says
- Friedrich Magirius, superintendent of Leipzig's Protestant
- churches, who notes that East Germany was "a typical
- dictatorship in which anybody who wanted to achieve something,
- to climb professionally, had to adapt." Hans Meyer, a law
- professor at the University of Frankfurt, argues that in East
- Germany the line between victim and criminal was perilously
- thin. "Very often," he says, "a person will have resisted in one
- respect but helped the regime in another."
- </p>
- <p> Some commentators argue that just as West Germany had to
- live with the shame of the Nazi years, it is now the East's
- turn to expiate collective guilt. Margarete Mitscherlich, a
- Frankfurt psychoanalyst, rejects that equation. "The Stasi is
- not the Gestapo, and Honecker is not Hitler," she says.
- "Whatever one can say about the Stasi, we are not now
- confronted with Auschwitz as we were after Hitler." Another
- Frankfurt law professor, Erhard Denninger, agrees that
- comparisons with the Nazi era are inexact. "The Nuremberg
- trials dealt with crimes against humanity and genocide," he
- argues. "You can't charge the communist regime in East Germany
- with anything like that."
- </p>
- <p> Treason charges against Honecker were dropped last March.
- Nonetheless, the ousted leader, who is receiving treatment for
- kidney cancer at a Soviet hospital in East Germany, is still
- under investigation for corruption and abuse of power. Late
- last month new potential charges surfaced: East German Interior
- Minister Peter-Michael Diestel announced that Honecker had
- given safe haven to Red Army Faction terrorists. Honecker and
- a few senior officials may eventually stand trial, but the vast
- majority of party members seem unlikely to suffer much. For
- example, Diestel has hired back, as an act of "Christian
- charity," 12,000 former State Security employees who had been
- fired by a citizens' committee set up to dismantle the agency.
- </p>
- <p> A further irony is that some 700 of those clerks have been
- placed in charge of the agency's voluminous dossiers. "Only
- they know how to find things," explains Werner Fischer,
- chairman of the citizens' committee. Some Germans want to
- preserve the files as a valuable historical archive. Fischer
- wants to see them destroyed on the ground that they could serve
- as a source of leaks and blackmail. "I am in charge of it,"
- Fischer says, "but I don't want to see it. What if you find out
- about friends who informed on you? What if you find out that
- your wife was having an affair? Some things are better not
- known."
- </p>
- <p>By John Elson. Reported by Andreas Gutzeit/Frankfurt and James
- O. Jackson/Leipzig.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-